SAN for Beginners
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SAN for Beginners – Simple, Practical Guide for IT Support & SysAdmins

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By: Sajid A. Rabby
🗓️ Nov 2025 • 0 words

📘 Who Should Read This?

If you’re comfortable with basic storage concepts, maybe used NAS before, but the word “SAN” still feels scary or “only for big enterprise people” – this guide is for you.

You’ll find this useful if you are:

Don’t worry about vendor-specific fancy terms. In this article, we’ll talk about SAN in simple, real-world language so you can connect it with your daily IT life.

1️⃣ Quick Recap: NAS vs SAN in One Line

Before going deep into SAN, remember this simple comparison:

So, NAS feels like a shared drive. SAN feels like an external high-performance disk directly attached to your servers.

2️⃣ What Exactly Is SAN?

A Storage Area Network (SAN) is a dedicated high-speed network that connects servers to shared storage at the block level.

Instead of each server having its own local disks only, they connect to a SAN and use shared storage arrays over a special storage network.

Think of it like this:
You have multiple powerful application servers (database, VM hosts, etc.). Instead of putting big disks in every server, you build one powerful storage system (SAN) and connect all servers to it over a high-speed network.

3️⃣ Where Do We Use SAN in Real Life?

SANs are common in environments where:

Typical examples:

4️⃣ Basic Building Blocks of a SAN

To understand SAN, remember these core components:

🔹 1. Storage Array (SAN Storage)

This is the “big box of disks” – but smarter. It usually contains:

🔹 2. Servers (Initiators)

These are your application servers or hypervisors (Windows, Linux, ESXi, etc.). They initiate the connection to storage. In iSCSI language, they are called initiators.

🔹 3. LUNs (Logical Unit Number)

Inside the storage array, you create LUNs – logical volumes carved out from the physical disks. Each LUN is presented to a server as if it is a real physical disk.

On the server side you then:

🔹 4. Fabric / Network

The SAN fabric is the dedicated network that connects servers and storage. It can be built using:

🔹 5. HBA / NIC

Servers connect to the SAN using:

5️⃣ Common SAN Protocols (High Level)

You don’t need to be an expert in all protocols to start, but you should recognize them:

For many mid-sized environments, iSCSI SAN is a very popular choice because it works over existing Ethernet infrastructure (with some tuning).

6️⃣ Simple Example: How a SAN Volume Reaches a Server

Let’s walk through a very simple flow.

  1. You have a SAN storage with 20 SSDs.
  2. You create a RAID group / pool on the storage array.
  3. From that pool, you create a LUN of 2 TB.
  4. You assign this LUN to a specific server (by WWN / IQN / IP).
  5. On the server, you rescan disks → a new disk appears.
  6. You initialize the disk, create a partition and format it.
  7. Now the server uses this 2 TB disk for database / VMs / files, etc.
Key idea: The server thinks “this is my local disk”, but actually the disk is sitting inside the SAN array in the data center, shared over a dedicated storage network.

7️⃣ SAN vs NAS – When Should You Prefer SAN?

Use NAS when:

Use SAN when:

8️⃣ Typical Beginner-Friendly SAN Topology

Imagine a small lab or mid-size company:

Each server connects with two links to the iSCSI switches, and the SAN storage also connects with two links. Multipathing software on the server manages multiple paths to the same LUN for performance & failover.

9️⃣ Key SAN Concepts You’ll Hear in Real Projects

🔟 As an IT Support / SysAdmin – What Do You Practically Do with SAN?

As you grow in your role, you will:

1️⃣1️⃣ Common Beginner Mistakes (And How to Avoid Them)

1️⃣2️⃣ Small Home / Lab Idea – Learn SAN Practically

You don’t need very expensive enterprise hardware to understand SAN concepts. For lab learning you can:

Hands-on beats theory. One weekend of lab with iSCSI SAN will make SAN concepts 10x clearer than just reading documentation.

1️⃣3️⃣ Final Thoughts – Don’t Be Scared of SAN

SAN sounds big and complex because we usually hear about it in the context of large enterprises, but the core idea is actually simple:

If you already understand NAS, then SAN is just the next step where you move from file-level access to block-level access with more performance and flexibility.

Start with basic terms, build a small lab, and slowly move into more advanced topics (multipath, zoning, snapshots, replication). Over time, SAN will feel like just another tool in your IT toolbox – not a monster. 😊

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