đ Who is this for?
New to IT support or the âtech personâ for family & friends? This guide gives you a practical, human-friendly checklist for the 10 most common computer problems â with quick fixes, deeper diagnostics, and when to escalate.
Mindset: Go from easy â advanced. Change one thing at a time. Re-test after every step.
1) Slow Computer
Quick checks
- Restart the PC (clears temp memory).
- Close heavy browser tabs; disable startup apps (Task Manager â Startup).
- Free space on C: (âĨ15%). Empty Downloads, Temp, Recycle Bin.
Deeper fixes
- Uninstall bloatware, run
sfc /scannow and DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth.
- Switch HDD â SSD and upgrade RAM (8â16GB for Windows 10/11).
- Update Windows & drivers; scan for malware (Defender full scan).
2) Internet Not Working
- Check Wi-Fi icon & Airplane mode; toggle Wi-Fi Off â On.
- Power-cycle router: unplug 20s â plug in â wait 2 minutes.
- Try another device. If all fail, ISP may be down.
ipconfig /flushdns
ipconfig /release && ipconfig /renew
netsh winsock reset
3) Printer Not Printing
- Paper/ink/toner OK? Correct printer selected? Any error lights?
- Reconnect USB/Wi-Fi; restart Print Spooler (Services â Print Spooler â Restart).
- Reinstall driver from the manufacturer website.
4) System Freezes / Hangs
- Remove USB devices; check disk/CPU spikes (Task Manager).
- Update OS & apps; run malware scan.
chkdsk C: /F then restart; check SMART health with vendor tools.
5) Email Issues
- Verify server settings (IMAP/SMTP/Ports/SSL). Clear mailbox storage.
- Check password/2FA; try webmail to isolate client vs account.
- Outlook: new profile via Control Panel â Mail.
6) Blue Screen of Death (BSOD)
- Note the stop code (e.g.,
MEMORY_MANAGEMENT).
- Update chipset/graphics drivers; remove recent hardware.
- Run memory test (Windows Memory Diagnostic) & disk diagnostics.
7) Security / Antivirus Alerts
- Run a full scan; quarantine, then review. Remove unknown extensions.
- Update Windows/AV; avoid âcrackedâ apps & suspicious USBs.
- Change passwords where needed; enable 2FA.
8) USB / External Device Error
- Try different ports/cable/PC; check Device Manager for yellow warnings.
- Install vendor driver; for storage, run
diskmgmt.msc and assign a drive letter.
- On hubs, ensure enough power; avoid cheap unpowered hubs for HDDs.
9) Overheating / Loud Fan
- Clean vents; use a cooling pad; donât block airflow.
- Check background tasks; update BIOS/fan profiles (vendor app).
- For desktops: re-paste CPU if very old; ensure case fans work.
10) Accidentally Deleted File
- Check Recycle Bin; look in âAutoRecover/Temp/Versionsâ.
- OneDrive/Google Drive â Version History restore.
- Stop using the disk; try recovery tools (Recuva, PhotoRec). Best chance = quick action.
Handy Commands (Windows)
ipconfig /all
ping 8.8.8.8
tracert google.com
nslookup domain.com
netstat -ano
tasklist
taskkill /PID <id> /F
Escalate when: repeated BSOD, burning smell/noise, drive clicking, liquid damage, or confidential data loss. Document steps and backups first.
Prevention Tips
- Keep OS/drivers updated, enable auto-updates for AV.
- Use SSDs, enough RAM, and avoid full disks.
- Backup (3-2-1 rule), use surge protection/UPS, and train users to spot phishing.
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ipconfig /flushdns
ipconfig /release & ipconfig /renew
netsh winsock reset
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